Vibrio harveyi (Gram-Negative, Bioluminescent, Marine Bacteria Species)

Vibrio harveyi General Facts:

• Species of gram-negative, bioluminescent, marine bacteria.
• Organism implicated in the production of marine mucilage or marine snow, based on samples collected by ocean going vessels.
• Vibrio harveyi bacteria have been shown to communicate via quorum sensing - enabling them to coordinate the production of virulence factors & also bioluminescense (see culture plate opposite).
  

Vibrio harveyi Bacteriology:

• Genus - Vibrio.
• Shape - rod-shaped
• Staining -Gram negative.
• Motility - Motile - has polar flagella.
• Respiration - Facultatively anaerobic
• Other - Halophilic.
• Growth temperature - between 4°C & 35°C.
• Locations - free-swimming in tropical marine waters.
• Commensal - gut microflora of marine animals.

Vibrio harveyi Pathogenicity:

• Both a primary & opportunistic pathogen of marine animals.
• Corals - Gorgonian corals.
• Molluscs - Oysters
• Marine crustaceans - Prawns, Lobsters,
• Fish - Asian Sea Bass, Barramundi, Common Snook, Milkfish, Seahorses, Turbot.
• Produces a condition called luminous vibriosis - affecting commercially farmed penaeid prawns.

Image: Vibrio harvei luminescence in culture plate via Biomedical Beat
Tags: Barramundi - Bioluminescence - Common Snook - Flagella - Gorgonian Coral - Halophilic - Lobster - Luminescence - Luminous Vibriosis - Marine Mucilage - Marine Snow - Milkfish - Oyster - Prawn - Quorum Sensing - Seahorse - Turbot - Vibrio - Vibrio harveyi
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Exopolymeric Compound (Biopolymer)

Exopolymeric Compound Facts:

• Biopolymers.
• Glycoprotein or polysaccharide in character.
• Important role in production of marine mucilage / marine snow.
  

Produced by Micro-organisms:

• Pseudoalteromonas antarctica NF3 - many reports in literature.

Image Credit: PLoS ONE - Climate Change and the Potential Spreading of Marine Mucilage and Microbial Pathogens in the Mediterranean Sea. (cc)
Tags: Biopolymer - Exopolymeric - Glycoprotein - Marine Mucilage - Marine Snow - Polysaccharide - Pseudoalteromonas antarctica NF3 -
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Adriatic Sea in Mediterranean Sea (Geography)

Adriatic Sea Facts:

• The Adriatic Sea is a part of the Mediterranean Sea.
• The Adriatic Sea separates the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula.
• Geologically, the Adriatic Sea, also separates the system of the Apennine Mountains from that of the Dinaric Alps & adjacent ranges.
• The western side of the Adriatic Sea runs along the east Italian coast.
• The eastern side of the Adriatic Sea runs along the coastlines of Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina (26 km), Montenegro, & Albania.
• The Adriatic Sea (especially the northern portion) is the sea area most severely affected by outbreaks of massive marine mucilage.

Major Rivers Joining The Adriatic Sea:

• Adige/Etsch
• Brenta
• Cetina
• Drin (Drini)
• Krka
• Neretva
• Piave
• Po
• Reno
• Soča/Isonzo
• Zrmanja

Image: Satellite Image from NASA Visible Earth (Public Domain)
Tags: Adriatic Sea - Albania - Balkan Peninsula - Bosnia - Croatia - Geography - Herzegovina - Marine Mucilage - Mediterranean Sea - Montenegro - Slovenia
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Cronica Universale - Written By Giovanni Villani, Matteo Villani, Filippo Villani

Giovanni Villani & Cronica Universale:

• Giovanni Villani (1275-1348) begins the Cronica Universale.
• It was written in Italian rather than Latin.
• The Cronica Universale started from Biblical times.
• Very quickly afterwards Giovanni began to write carefully about the events that occurred during his own time.
• The statistical data he documented, and the detached approach, was unparalleled for the times.
• His clear business-like mind, with his keen observations on people, was very useful for this task.
• The historical events are reported just as he heard them, with little personal interpretation.
• Giovanni Villani was clearly a chronicler & not a historian.
• Giovanni's death by bubonic plague (Black Death) in 1348 stopped the writing of the Cronica Universale.

Matteo Villani & Cronica Universale:

• Matteo Villani, the brother of Giovanni Villani, continued the Cronica Universale after Giovanni's death.
• Matteo writes an important account of the Black Death in Florence.
  
• Matteo Villani continued the writing of Cronica Universale until his death.
• Matteo Villani also died of bubonic plague in 1363.
• Matteo Villani was a less observant in his assessment of human nature.

Filippo Villani & Cronica Universale:

• Filippo was the son of Matteo Villani.
• Filippo continued the writing of the Cronica Universale, after his father's death, until 1410.

Tags: 1348 - 1363 - 1410 - Black Death - Bubonic Plague - Chronicle - Cronica Universale - Filippo Villani - Florence - Giovanni Villani - Italian - Matteo Villani -
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